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F4TCNQ, CAS number 29261-33-4, is one of the most widely used and most effective p-type dopants due to its strong electron-accepting ability and the extended π system. It has a deep LUMO level (-5.2 eV) which is energetically in the vicinity of the HOMO level of many organic semiconductors. Doping is facilitated by charge transfer from the HOMO level of the host to the LUMO of the dopant molecule. Pin devices with F4TCNQ doped 4,4',4''-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA) serving as the p-doped HTL show high luminance and efficiency at extremely low operating voltages: For instance, a luminance of 1000 cd/m2 is reached at a voltage of 2.9 V [1].
It has been reported that by controlling the doping concentration, the PCE of the PCDTBT:F4TCNQ solar cells increased from 6.41% to 7.94%, mainly due to improving the photocurrent with a F4TCNQ weight ratio of the blend lower than 0.5% [2]. F4TCNQ is also used as the p-type dopant for graphenes [3,4].
*For chemical structure information, please refer to the cited references.
Characterisation
Pricing
Grade
Order Code
Quantity
Price
Sublimed (>99% purity)
M351
100 mg
£105
Sublimed (>99% purity)
M351
250 mg
£230
Sublimed (>99% purity)
M351
500 mg
£360
Sublimed (>99% purity)
M351
1 g
£580
Sublimed (>99% purity)
M351
5 g
£2400
Sublimed (>99% purity)
M351
10 g
£4200
Literature and Reviews
Low-voltage organic electroluminescent devices using pin structures, J. Huang et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 139 (2002); https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1432110.
Molecular Doping Enhances Photoconductivity in Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells, Y. Zhang et al., Adv. Mater., 25, 7038–7044 (2013).
Band Gap Opening of Bilayer Graphene by F4-TCNQ Molecular Doping and Externally Applied Electric Field, X. Tian et al., J. Phys. Chem. B, 114 (35), 11377–11381 (2010).
p-type doping of graphene with F4-TCNQ, H. Pinto et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 21, 402001 (2009), stacks.iop.org/JPhysCM/21/402001.
Very high-efficiency and low voltage phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes based on a p-i-n junction, G. He et al., J. Appl. Phys. 95, 5773 (2004); https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1702143.
Novel organic electron injection layer for efficient and stable organic light emitting diodes, R. Grover et al., J. Luminescence, 146, 53–56 (2014). https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2013.09.004.
Light outcoupling efficiency enhancement in organic light emitting diodes using an organic scattering layer, R. Grover et al., Phys. Status Solidi RRL 8 (1), 81–85 (2014). DOI: 10.1002/pssr.201308133.
Efficient single-emitting layer hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes with low efficiency roll-off, stable color and extremely high luminance, B. Liu et al., J. Ind.&Eng. Chem., 30, 85–91 (2015); https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2015.05.006.
Conductive cooling in white organic light emitting diode for enhanced efficiency and life time, P. Tyagi et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 013301 (2015); https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4903800.
Doped hole transport layer for efficiency enhancement in planar heterojunction organolead trihalide perovskite solar cells, Q. Wang et al., Nano Energy 15, 275–280 (2015); doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.04.029.
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