TPBi

CAS Number 192198-85-9

MSDS

TPBi, ETL material for optoelectronic devices

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Overview | Specifications | Pricing and Options | MSDS | Literature and Reviews

2,2',2''-(1,3,5-Benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole), TPBi (CAS number 192198-85-9), being electron deficient, is normally used as electron transport layer material in optoelectronic devices. Having a low LUMO energy level (2.7 eV), TPBi is also used as host material for both fluorescent and phosphorescent light emitting systems.

In some cases, TPBI is used to replace CBP (HBL)/Alq₃(ETL) to simplify the device structure for its excellent electron transporting and also its hole blocking abilities with very deep HOMO energy level (HOMO = 6.2/6.7 eV). It has also been reported that TPBi could be used as electron injection layer material between Alq₃ (ETL) and Cs₂O₃/Al (electrode). It suggested that TPBI thin layer at the Alq₃/Cs₂O₃ interface facilitates the electron injection and is also involved with hole-blocking and exciton confinement [3].

TPBi from Ossila was used in the high-impact paper (IF 15.88), Suppressing Efficiency Roll-Off at High Current Densities for Ultra-Bright Green Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes, C. Zou et al., ACS Nano, 14, 6076−6086 (2020); DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01817; and paper (IF 29.4), Single-Layer Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes With Near-Unity Internal Quantum Efficiency, O. Sachnik et al., Adv. Mater., 35 (26), 2300574 (2023); DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300574.

General Information

CAS number	192198-85-9
Chemical formula	C₄₅H₃₀N₆
Molecular weight	654.76 g/mol
Absorption	λ_max 305 nm in THF
Fluorescence	λ_em 370 nm in THF
HOMO/LUMO	HOMO 6.2/6.7 eV, LUMO 2.7 eV [1, 2]
Synonyms	2,2',2"-(1,3,5-Benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole)
Classification / Family	Benzimidazole derivatives, Electron transport layer materials (ETL), Electron injection layer materials (EIL), Hole blocking layer materials (HBL), Fluorescent and phosphorescent host materials. Light-Emitting Diodes, Organic electronics

Product Details

Purity	Sublimed* >99.5% Unsublimed* >98.0%
Melting point	272 - 277 °C (lit.)
Colour	White Powder

*Sublimation is a technique used to obtain ultra pure-grade chemicals. For more details about sublimation, please refer to the Sublimed Materials.

Chemical Structure

chemcial structure of TPBi — Chemical Structure of 2,2',2"-(1,3,5-Benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole), TPBi

Device Structure(s)

Device structure	ITO/MoO₃(1 nm)/mCP (60 nm)/mCP:TPBi:Ir(tfmppy)₂(tpip)* (20 nm, 1:1, 6 wt%)/TPBi (15 nm)/TPPhen:W₂(hpp)₄* (45 nm, 12 wt%)/Al (100 nm) [2]
Colour	Green
Max. EQE	20.8%
Max. Current Efficiency	72.9 cd/A
Max. Power Efficiency	66.3 lm W⁻¹

Device structure	ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PFO:MEH-PPV (1.0 wt%)/TPBi/LiF/Al [4]
Colour	White
Max. Luminance	7,560 cd/m²
Max. Current Efficiency	7.8 cd/A

Device structure	ITO/α-NPD (30 nm)/TCTA (20 nm)/CzSi* (10 nm)/10 wt% DMOC-DPS:DPEPO* (20 nm)/DPEPO (10 nm)/TPBI (30 nm)/LiF (0.5 nm)/Al [5]
Colour	Blue
Max. Luminance	2,544 cd/m²
Max. EQE	≥ 14.5%

Device structure	ITO/NPB/rubrene in p-DMDPVBi:NPB/TPBi/LiF/Al [6]
Colour	White
Max. Luminance	18,100 cd/m²
Max. Current Efficiency	10.6 cd/A

Device structure	ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P2/TPBi*/LiF/Al [7]
Colour	Deep Blue
Max. Luminance	274 cd/m²
Max. EQE	3.9%
Max. Current Efficiency	1.3 cd/A
Max. Power Efficiency	0.99 lm W⁻¹

Device structure	ITO/NPB (30 nm)/CBP:Ir(ppy)₃ (20 nm)/TPBi:Ir(ppy)₃ (10 nm)/TPBi (10 nm)/TPBi:LiF (40 nm)/LiF (1.2 nm)/Al(150 nm) [10]
Colour	Green
Max. Luminance	66,820 cd/m²
Max. Current Efficiency	40.5 cd/A
Max. Power Efficiency	23.7 lm W⁻¹

Device structure	Al/MoO₃ (3 nm)/mCP (50 nm)/Ir(tfmppy)₂(tpip)* (0.5 nm)/TPBi (2.5 nm)/mCP (2.5 nm)/Ir(tfmppy)₂(tpip) (0.5 nm)/TPBi (10 nm)/Bphen (45 nm)/Liq (1 nm)/Al (1 nm)/Ag (22 nm)/mCP (80 nm) [11]
Colour	Green
Max. Current Efficiency	126.3 cd/A

Device structure	ITO/m-MTDATA (30 nm)/NPB (20 nm)/TPBI:4 wt% Ir(ppy)₃:2 wt%Ir(piq)₂(acac) (30 nm)/ Alq₃(20 nm)/LiF/Al [12]
Colour	White
Max. Luminance	33,012 cd/m²
Current Efficiency@100 cd/m²	15.3 cd/A
Max. Powder Efficiency	10.7 lm W⁻¹

*For chemical structure information please refer to the cited references

Pricing

Grade	Order Code	Quantity	Price
Sublimed (>99.5% purity)	M651	250 mg	£210
Unsublimed (>98.0% purity)	M652	500 mg	£220
Sublimed (>99.5% purity)	M651	500 mg	£330
Unsublimed (>98.0% purity)	M652	1 g	£350
Sublimed (>99.5% purity)	M651	1 g	£520

MSDS Documentation

TPBi MSDS sheet

Literature and Reviews

Highly efficient single-layer dendrimer light-emitting diodes with balanced charge transport, T. D. Anthopoulos et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, 4824 (2003); doi: 10.1063/1.1586999.
High efficiency green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with a low roll-off at high brightness, J. Wang et al., Org. Electronics, 14, 2854–2858 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2013.08.006.
Improved Hole-Blocking and Electron Injection Using a TPBI Interlayer at the Cathode Interface of OLEDs, J. Lian et al., Chin. Phys. Lett., 28, 047803 (2011). http://iopscience.iop.org/0256-307X/28/4/047803.

Improving light efficiency of white polymer light emitting diodes by introducing the TPBi exciton protection layer, S. B. Shin et al., Thin Solid Films 517, 4143–4146 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2009.02.027.
High-efficiency deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes based on a thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter, S. Wu et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2, 421 (2014). DOI: 10.1039/c3tc31936a.
Co-Host Comprising Hole-Transporting and Blue-Emitting Components for Efficient Fluorescent White OLEDs, Y-C. Chen et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 159 (4) J127-J131 (2012); doi: 10.1149/2.092204jes.
Fluorene co-polymers with high efficiency deep blue electroluminescence, J. Santos et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 3, 2479 (2015); DOI: 10.1039/c4tc02766c.
High efficiency and low efficiency roll off in white phosphorescent organic lightemitting diodes by managing host structures, K. S. Yook et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, 193308 (2008); doi: 10.1063/1.2929742.
High efficiency green phosphorescent organic light emitting device with (TCTA/TCTA0.5TPBi0.5/TPBi): Ir(ppy)3 emission layer, J. G. Jang et al., Thin Solid Films 517, 4122–4126 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2009.02.015.
Double-emission-layer green phosphorescent OLED based on LiF-doped TPBi as electron transport layer for improving efficiency and operational lifetime, Q. Yang et al., Syn. Metals 162, 398– 401 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2011.12.027.
High efficiency green phosphorescent top-emitting organic light-emitting diode with ultrathin non-doped emissive layer, X. Shi et al., Org. Electronics, 15, 2408–2413 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2014.07.001.
High-efficiency electrophosphorescent white organic light-emitting devices with a double-doped emissive layer, W. Xie et al., Semicond. Sci. Technol. 20, 326–329 (2005); doi:10.1088/0268-1242/20/3/013.
Suppressing Efficiency Roll-Off at High Current Densities for Ultra-Bright Green Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes, C. Zou et al., ACS Nano, 14, 6076−6086 (2020); DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01817.